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PROGRAMMING
What is Programming?
The selection, scheduling, and evaluation of
programs
Parsimony Principle
Programs must be:
Used as sparingly as possible;
Repeated as often as possible;
Shared as widely as possible
Program Development
Networks spend millions of $$ in program
development
How do program producers make money?
Syndicated Programs
Any program sold, licensed, distributed, or
offered
To TV stations
In more than one market
Syndicated Programs
Within the U.S.
For non-interconnected b/cast
Syndicated Programs
Does not include LIVE presentations
How Does Syndication Work?
Is a lease, so station pays a fee
License allows a limited number of runs
Barter Syndication
Cash barter
Full barter
Partial barter
Types of Syndicated Programs
Off-network syndication
First-run syndication
Movies
Syndication Exclusivity (Syndex)
Guarantees only one station airs program
Cable and Syndex
Exclusivity is expensive
Fin/Syn Rules
Designed to reduce network domination
Under Fin/Syn, Networks
Could not produce programs
Could not own programs
Could not syndicate programs
PTAR
Prime Time Access Rule
Also designed to reduce networks’ power
Gave boost to independent producers
Programs’ Classification
Programs can be classified by
Method of distribution
Content
Programs’ Classification
Format or type of program
Fin-Syn
Networks could NOT own, produce, or syndicate
programs for P.T. showing
Fin-Syn
Networks had to buy from ind. producers (usually
big companies)
PTAR
No network-produced or off-network syndicated
shows could be aired by top 50 market stations
Between 7-8 p.m. (access time)
Scheduling Strategies
Audience Flow
Difficult to track because ...
Scheduling Strategies
Counterprogramming
Block programming
Stripping
Scheduling Strategies
Hot switching
Hammock
Repetition
Tent pole
Network TV Prime Time Entertainment
Not much innovation
Whatever has worked is imitated and recycled
Sure-Win Formulas
Sitcoms
Crime Shows
Medical Dramas
Non-Prime-Time Network Entertainment
Different types of programs scheduled depending
on daypart
Dayparts
Early-morning -- newscasts, talk shows
Daytime-- soaps, talk shows
Prime time -- sitcoms, drama
© B.L. Yates 2000
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