Radio History (Ch. 1) - You must know what these men did to advance wireless or radio: Maxwell, Hertz, Marconi, Sarnoff, de Forest, Fessenden, Conrad, Paley, and Armstrong. Specifically, what was the role of Marconi in the development of wireless? Why did American Marconi cease to exist as a company? How and why did General Electric, Westinghouse, and AT & T become involved in wireless? (It has to do with the creation of RCA.) How does wireless telegraphy differ from wireless telephony? In what ways did World War I affect the development of wireless? Why was patent pooling such an important factor? What was the role of "amateurs" in the development of wireless? Know the name of the first radio station and when it went on the air. What was the purpose of early radio programs? Which station first tried to sell advertising? As interest in radio grew, what happened? What was the purpose of networking? What happened when the cross-licensing agreement began to crumble? How and when was NBC born? What was the difference between the NBC-Red and the Blue? How was CBS born? What about Mutual Broadcasting System? What is the importance of the Chain Broadcasting Rules of 1941? What did the FCC hope to achieve by issuing the rules? What are the two main rules we discussed in class and how did they affect NBC? What is and O & O? an affiliate? an independent? How was ABC born? Why wasn't FM radio immediately adopted/accepted if the sound quality was superior? Why was FM finally accepted?

Chapter 5 – Broadcast TV Today – What percentage of homes have at least one TV? Why is TV in transition? There are more than 1,500 TV stations. What is the difference between commercial stations and noncommercial stations? What is the difference between VHF stations and UHF stations? Which networks are considered the big three networks? Which are the newer networks? What is the percentage of TV homes commanded by the big three in 1978? 1998? What are some of the popular shows on the newer networks? Will network TV go away? What percentage of all advertising revenue do TV networks account for? Who are TV’s cash cows? Cash calves? What is an O & O? What is an affiliate? Which are typically local news leaders, O&Os or affiliates? What are independent TV stations? What are LPTV stations? How many commercial TV stations can you own? Are there any restrictions? Who owns public TV stations? Do commercial stations pay for programming? Do noncommercial stations pay for programming? What are the 5 divisions in a TV organization? What are the typical duties of each? What area has seen recent job growth in TV? What is a make-good? What is local-origination?

Chapter 4 – Radio Today – What are the three C’s of radio today? What proportion of the advertising revenue pie is radio? How many radio stations are in the U.S? What percentage are Commercial AM? Commercial FM? Noncommercial? What percentage of listeners tune into FM stations? Who owns most radio stations today? What measures the power of radio group owners? What changes did the Telecommunications Act of 1996 make in terms of radio ownership? Name the top five radio groups? What is the maximum number of stations any group can own in any one radio market? What identifies target audiences? What is the most popular radio format? What is a duopoloy? What is an LMA? Be able to identify characteristics of various radio formats (country, adult contemporary, news/talk and sports, contemporary hit radio, Hispanic, Black/Urban contemporary, easy listening, album rock). What is a community station? What characterizes a college radio station? What type of audience typically listens to public radio? How are radio stations organized in terms of management and staff? Are radio salaries high?

Chapter 8 – Radio Programming – What are the three sources of radio programming? What is biggest source of programming in radio today? Know examples of syndicated radio programs, local programs, and network programs. What are the four modes of radio production and the characteristics of each? What are the three keys to a successful radio format? What is the format hole? Describe the factors involved in the process. What is a target audience? What are demographics? What are psychographics? What are the various radio dayparts? Know times that coincide with each daypart. What the three main types of information that appear in a hot clock? What is a hot clock? What is clutter? How can it affect a radio station? What is a segue? What is a tip sheet? Playlist? Call-ins? Call outs? Hook? Focus group study? Block programming?

Chapters 9 – TV Programming - What is the parsimony principal? What is its purpose? Why do networks spend so much money in program development? Do network hit programs make a lot of money in their first run with the networks? How do program producers make money? What is a syndicated program (Remember? I broke down the definition into five parts)? How does syndication work? How is syndicated distribution similar/different from network distribution? How many times are stations usually allowed to air syndicated programs? What is full or straight barter? What is barter plus cash? What is partial barter? What is off-network syndication? What is first-run syndication? What is syndication exclusivity (syndex)? What happens when cable imports a distant signal that carries a program that a local station has an exclusive right to air? Why isn't syndex used with old running syndicated programs like "I Love Lucy" or "All in the Family?" What is the purpose of the Fin/Syn rules? What did the rules say? Are the rules still in effect? What is PTAR? What is its purpose? What did the FCC expect this rule to promote? When is the "access hour?" Is the rule still in effect? Know four ways that programs can be classified. What does the term "audience flow" mean? Why is audience flow difficult to track? What is counterprogramming? Block programming? Stripping? Hot switching? Hammock? Tent-pole? Why is network television prime time programming not very innovative? What are the sure-win formulas we discussed in class?

News – In 1948 what ran on NBC for 15 minutes? When did networks switch to half-hour format? What developments helped increase live TV news coverage? When did Walter Cronkite assume the anchor desk for CBS? What was the impact of early morning news shows? When did NBC premiere the Today Show? What was the impact of Barbara Walters on the news? By mingling the personal and political, how did Walters help change the political process? What are news producers and editors principally concerned with? What is agenda setting? Know characteristics of new criteria. Know various news themes. What percentage of the population cites TV news as its source of news? Is TV news perceived to be credible? What event changed the face of TV news? Name several significant TV news events. What percentage of all advertising revenues is attributed to TV news? What is happy talk? How have anchors changed over time? What is infotainment? What are ENG and SNG? How did these developments change TV news? What are sweeps? What are sweeps months? What is coventuring? Who makes up the preproduction TV news team? The on-air TV news team?