Module 9: Classical conditioning, learning by association, Pavlov's famous experiment. Be able to apply the basic ideas here to other examples. Know the following terms well enough to be able to work with examples: unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UCR), conditioned stimulus (CS), conditioned response (CR), acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination. Know the basic ideas about stimulus substitution, contiguity theory & the cognitive perspective as explanations. Know about the "Little Albert" example and its importance. Systematic Desensitization -- know what it is & how it works.

Module10: Operant Conditioning (know what it is and how it's different from classical conditioning - be able to tell if an example is classical conditioning or operant conditioning). Know the following terms: respondent behaviors, operant behaviors, law of effect, shaping, Skinner box, reinforcer, positive reinforcer, negative reinforcer, primary reinforcer, secondary reinforcer, punishment, positive punishment, negative punishment. For the following terms, know what they mean and the kinds of learning and extinction they produce: continuous reinforcement, partial reinforcement, fixed-ratio schedule, variable-ratio schedule, fixed-interval schedule, variable-interval schedule.

Cognitive Learning: cognitive map, observational Learning (a.k.a. Modeling) - know what it is, Bobo Doll experiment. Behavior Modification as an application, biofeedback.

Module 17: (+ a few ideas from module 18): Infancy & childhood. Developmental psychologists, the nature/nurture question (know basically what it is), conception, sperm (23 chromosomes) + ovum (23 chromosomes) = zygote. Germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage (and what's going on in them), cellular differentiation (what it is), placenta (what it is, how it starts developing), teratogens, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (what it is, connection to mental retardation). Neonates and their capabilities (reflexes, grasping reflex, abilities to distinguish mother's voice and smell, preference for human faces, sounds, depth perception & the Visual Cliff Experiment). Infancy -- increase in neural interconnection & neural networks (& connection to infantile amnesia), Motor Development - universal sequence, biological maturity as the main component, importance of stimulation. Emotional Development - temperament (& 4 categories), correlation with later personality, attachment (2 kinds) and its correlation to later social competence, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies (generally what they are). Cognitive Development - Piaget's theory, schema, assimilation, accommodation, Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive dev't (know what they are, their themes and milestones), so obviously you'll need to know what the following terms mean: object permanence, egocentrism, conservation, sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage (you don't need to memorize the exact age ranges, but know generally when each stage is happening), today's view of Piaget's theory (as in class). Freud’s psychosexual theory and its 5 stages (along with their fixations). Social Development - Erikson's theory - Know the 8 stages of Erikson's theory (the last 3 are in module 18, part C). Know the name of each stage, generally when it happens (although again, you don't need to memorize the exact ages), and what's going on in it. Kohlberg’s three levels of moral development, main criticisms of Kohlberg's theory (see module 18, part B).